Political System in India
- Structure of Government
- Federal System: India follows a federal structure with a clear division of powers between the central government and state governments.
- Three Branches: Executive, Legislature, and Judiciary.
- Executive: President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers.
- Legislature: Bicameral Parliament consisting of the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
- Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.
- Major Political Parties in India
- Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Leader: Narendra Modi
- Ideology: Right-wing, Hindu nationalism, economic liberalism.
- Indian National Congress (INC)
- Leader: Mallikarjun Kharge
- Ideology: Center-left, social democracy, secularism.
- Communist Party of India (Marxist) [CPI(M)]
- Leader: Sitaram Yechury
- Ideology: Left-wing, Marxism-Leninism.
- Aam Aadmi Party (AAP)
- Leader: Arvind Kejriwal
- Ideology: Centrism, anti-corruption, good governance.
- Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP)
- Leader: Mayawati
- Ideology: Social equality, Dalit rights.
- Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- Recent Political Developments in India
- Farm Laws Repeal (2021): After prolonged protests by farmers, the central government repealed three controversial farm laws.
- COVID-19 Management: Central and state governments’ response to the pandemic, including vaccination drives and economic relief measures.
- Economic Reforms: Initiatives like the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost manufacturing and exports.
Political System in Tamil Nadu
- Structure of Government
- State Government: Follows a similar structure to the central government with an Executive (Governor, Chief Minister, Council of Ministers), Legislature (Unicameral Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly), and Judiciary (Madras High Court).
- Major Political Parties in Tamil Nadu
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
- Leader: M.K. Stalin
- Ideology: Dravidian, social justice, secularism.
- All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK)
- Leaders: O. Panneerselvam and Edappadi K. Palaniswami (dual leadership)
- Ideology: Dravidian, social welfare, populism.
- Indian National Congress (INC)
- State Leader: K.S. Alagiri
- Ideology: Center-left, social democracy, secularism.
- Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
- State Leader: K. Annamalai
- Ideology: Right-wing, Hindu nationalism, economic liberalism.
- Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (MDMK)
- Leader: Vaiko
- Ideology: Dravidian, Tamil nationalism, secularism.
- Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK)
- Recent Political Developments in Tamil Nadu
- 2021 Assembly Elections: DMK won a decisive victory, with M.K. Stalin becoming the Chief Minister.
- COVID-19 Management: State’s response to the pandemic, including lockdown measures, vaccination drives, and economic relief packages.
- Welfare Schemes: Introduction and implementation of various social welfare schemes by the state government, such as free bus rides for women, financial assistance for students, and healthcare initiatives.
- Environmental Initiatives: Steps taken by the state government to address environmental issues, including afforestation projects and measures to tackle pollution.
Key Issues and Political Debates
- Economic Development:
- Debates on economic policies, job creation, and industrial growth.
- Discussions on the effectiveness of welfare schemes and subsidies.
- Social Justice:
- Policies aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of marginalized communities, including Dalits and OBCs.
- Debates on reservation policies and their impact on education and employment.
- Education and Healthcare:
- Initiatives to improve the quality and accessibility of education and healthcare services.
- Discussions on the implementation of the New Education Policy and healthcare reforms.
- Agricultural Reforms:
- Policies related to agricultural development, farmer welfare, and sustainable farming practices.
- Debates on the impact of central farm laws on state agriculture and farmer incomes.
